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od

Dumps file bytes in octal, hex, or other formats.

od helps inspect binary files, encodings, null bytes, and non-printable characters.

Syntax
od [options] [file]

Arguments explained

  • -c shows character escapes.
  • -x shows hexadecimal words.
  • -An suppresses address offsets.

Common examples

Inspect bytes
od -c file.bin | head

Shows byte-level character output.

Show hex
od -An -tx1 -N16 file.bin

Prints the first 16 bytes as hex.

od Command
FieldDetails
Commandod
CategoryViewing Content
Primary useDumps file bytes in octal, hex, or other formats.
Syntaxod [options] [file]

Related articles

file

Identifies a file's type from its contents.

hexdump

Related Linux command or concept.

xxd

Related Linux command or concept.